His career in public service officially began when he served on the staffs of South Carolina legends Senator Strom Thurmond and Congressman Floyd Spence. As part of the visionary Ronald Reagan administration, Joe was Deputy General Counsel to the United States Department of Energy Secretary and former South Carolina Governor, Jim Edwards.

Throughout his life, Joe has had a tremendous passion to serve his country, serving as a member of the United States Armed Forces. After serving in the United States Army Reserves from 1972-1975, he also served in the South Carolina Army National Guard. In the summer of 2003, Joe retired as a Colonel, having served as a Staff Judge Advocate assigned to the 218th Mechanized Infantry Brigade. At the time, he was the only active Guard member serving in Congress.

Before being elected to the United States Congress in 2001, Joe served 17 years, with perfect attendance, in the South Carolina State Senate where he was elected Chairman of the Senate Transportation Committee, the first Republican Chairman since the Reconstruction Era.

Today, Joe serves as a member of the House Foreign Affairs Committee, where he is the Ranking Member of the Middle East, North Africa, and International Terrorism Subcommittee. Additionally, Joe serves on the House Armed Services Committee where he is a member of the Subcommittees on Readiness and Strategic Forces and as a member of the House Committee on Education and Labor. Since the 111th Congress, he has been appointed to the highly influential Republican Policy Committee. He serves as Chair of the Bulgaria Caucus and the French Caucus, as well as Co-Chair for the Slovak Caucus, Morocco Caucus, and UK Caucus and is a founding member of the EU Caucus. He is a also member of the Americans Abroad Caucus, amongst many others.

As the Representative of the Second Congressional District of South Carolina, Joe is committed to promoting peace through a strong national defense, decreasing taxes for all Americans, and limiting the size and spending of the federal government.

Joe is married to Roxanne, who continues to offer him strength and support in every endeavor. They are parents of four sons, all of whom have served in the U.S. military, and are proud grandparents to eight grandchildren - four boys and four girls. Alan, his oldest son, is a Lt. Colonel in the South Carolina Army National Guard who proudly served for a year in Iraq and was recently re-elected as the Attorney General for South Carolina in 2018; Addison is a graduate of the United States Naval Academy and is a physician in the U.S. Navy who did a tour of duty in Iraq; Julian was a Captain in the South Carolina Army National Guard who served on a peacekeeping tour in Egypt; and Hunter was a First Lieutenant in the South Carolina Army National Guard who did a tour of duty in Afghanistan. Their four sons are all Eagle Scouts.

His sea tours include assignments onboard USS Deyo(DD 989), USS Fahrion (FFG 22) and USS Benfold (DDG65). He deployed in command of both USS Falcon (MHC59) and USS Pinckney (DDG 91), guiding Pinckneythrough her maiden deployment.

He commanded Destroyer Squadron 50 as commander, Middle East Force (CTF 55) andcommander, Coalition Task Group 152.1 operating at sea and from naval commandcenters in Kuwait, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates.

Ashore, Malloy served as the Navy theater missile defense officer and commander in chiefoperations briefer at U.S. Central Command (J3) in Tampa, Florida. Following the 9/11terror attack, he established U.S. Naval Forces Central Command Friendly ForcesCoordination Cell in Bahrain, as deputy for the operational liaison staff.